Instructions for Allergy Shots

Supplements, Testing & Immunotherapy

Vitamin D

• Mirzakhani H, Al-Garawi A, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Vitamin D and the development of allergic disease: how important is it?. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45(1):114-125. doi:10.1111/cea.12430
• Van Overtvelt L, Lombardi V, Razafindratsita A, Saint-Lu N, Horiot S, Moussu H, Mascarell L, Moingeon P. IL-10-inducing adjuvants enhance sublingual immunotherapy efficacy in a murine asthma model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;145(2):152-62. doi: 10.1159/000108140. Epub 2007 Sep 11. PMID: 17848808.
• Hesse L, Petersen AH, Oude Elberink JNG, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. 1,25(OH)₂VitD3 supplementation enhances suppression of grass pollen-induced allergic asthma by subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in a mouse model. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8960. Published 2020 Jun 2. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65946-6
• Jerzyńska J, Stelmach W, Rychlik B, et al. Clinical and immunological effects of vitamin D supplementation during the pollen season in children with allergic rhinitis. Arch Med Sci. 2018;14(1):122-131. doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.61978
• Jerzynska J, Stelmach W, Rychlik B, Lechańska J, Podlecka D, Stelmach I. The clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation combined with grass-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016 Mar-Apr;37(2):105-14. doi: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3921. PMID: 26932169.
• Jerzynska J, Stelmach W, Balcerak J, Woicka-Kolejwa K, Rychlik B, Blauz A, Wachulec M, Stelmach P, Majak P, Stelmach I. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and vitamin D supplementation on the immunologic effectiveness of grass-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergy. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016 Jul;37(4):324-34. doi: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3958. PMID: 27401319.
• Joudi M, Farid Hosseini R, Khoshkhui M, et al. Effects of Serum Vitamin D and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Adult Patients With Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(6):885-893. doi:10.4168/aair.2019.11.6.885
• Heine G, Francuzik W, Doelle-Bierke S, Drozdenko G, Frischbutter S, Schumacher N, Radbruch A, Worm M. Immunomodulation of high-dose vitamin D supplementation during allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergy. 2020 Aug 4. doi: 10.1111/all.14541. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32750735.
• Baris S, Kiykim A, Ozen A, Tulunay A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Barlan IB. Vitamin D as an adjunct to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in asthmatic children sensitized to house dust mite. Allergy. 2014 Feb;69(2):246-53. doi: 10.1111/all.12278. Epub 2013 Nov 4. PMID: 24180595.
• Hesse L, Petersen AH, Oude Elberink JNG, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. 1,25(OH)₂VitD3 supplementation enhances suppression of grass pollen-induced allergic asthma by subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in a mouse model. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 2;10(1):8960. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65946-6. PMID: 32488022; PMCID: PMC7265339.
• Bantz SK, Zhu Z, Zheng T. The Role of Vitamin D in Pediatric Asthma. Ann Pediatr Child Health. 2015;3(1):1032. PMID: 25938135; PMCID: PMC4415725.
• Majak P, Jerzyńska J, Smejda K, Stelmach I, Timler D, Stelmach W. Correlation of vitamin D with Foxp3 induction and steroid-sparing effect of immunotherapy in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012 Nov;109(5):329-35. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Aug 22. PMID: 23062388.
• Yu ZJ, Zeng L, Luo XQ, Geng XR, Xu R, Chen K, Yang G, Luo X, Liu ZQ, Liu ZG, Liu DB, Yang PC, Li HB. Vitamin D3 inhibits micro RNA-17-92 to promote specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 3;7(1):546. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00431-1. PMID: 28373650; PMCID: PMC5428505.
• Bakdash G, van Capel TM, Mason LM, Kapsenberg ML, de Jong EC. Vitamin D3 metabolite calcidiol primes human dendritic cells to promote the development of immunomodulatory IL-10-producing T cells. Vaccine. 2014 Oct 29;32(47):6294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.075. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PMID: 25236584.
• Adorini L, Penna G. Dendritic cell tolerogenicity: a key mechanism in immunomodulation by vitamin D receptor agonists. Hum Immunol. 2009 May;70(5):345-52. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.016. PMID: 19405173.

Probiotics

• Lei WT, Shih PC, Liu SJ, Lin CY, Yeh TL. Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2017 Oct 27;9(11):1175. doi: 10.3390/nu9111175. PMID: 29077061; PMCID: PMC5707647.
• Schmidt RM, Pilmann Laursen R, Bruun S, Larnkjaer A, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF, Høst A. Probiotics in late infancy reduce the incidence of eczema: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019 May;30(3):335-340. doi: 10.1111/pai.13018. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30790361.
• Tang ML, Ponsonby AL, Orsini F, Tey D, Robinson M, Su EL, Licciardi P, Burks W, Donath S. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: A randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Mar;135(3):737-44.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.034. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PMID: 25592987.
• Liu J, Chen FH, Qiu SQ, Yang LT, Zhang HP, Liu JQ, Geng XR, Yang G, Liu ZQ, Li J, Liu ZG, Li HB, Yang PC. Probiotics enhance the effect of allergy immunotherapy on regulating antigen specific B cell activity in asthma patients. Am J Transl Res. 2016 Dec 15;8(12):5256-5270. PMID: 28078000; PMCID: PMC5209480.
• Ghasemi Z, Varasteh AR, Moghadam M, Jalali SA, Anissian A, Sankian M. Sublingual Immunotherapy with Sal k1 Expressing Lactococcus lactis Down-regulates Th2 Immune Responses in Balb/c Mice. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Jun;17(3):281-290. PMID: 29908546.
• Eslami M, Bahar A, Keikha M, Karbalaei M, Kobyliak NM, Yousefi B. Probiotics function and modulation of the immune system in allergic diseases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2020 Nov-Dec;48(6):771-788. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.04.005. Epub 2020 Aug 4. PMID: 32763025.
• Xu LZ, Yang LT, Qiu SQ, Yang G, Luo XQ, Miao BP, Geng XR, Liu ZQ, Liu J, Wen Z, Wang S, Zhang HP, Li J, Liu ZG, Li HB, Yang PC. Combination of specific allergen and probiotics induces specific regulatory B cells and enhances specific immunotherapy effect on allergic rhinitis. Oncotarget. 2016 Aug 23;7(34):54360-54369. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10946. PMID: 27486985; PMCID: PMC5342347.
• Greenhawt MJ. Probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy: a breakthrough for allergy treatment. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2017 Oct;1(2):80-81. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30042-1. Epub 2017 Aug 15. PMID: 30169206.

Cure SLIT

• Bordignon V, Burastero SE. Multiple daily administrations of low-dose sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Aug;97(2):158-63. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60006-3. PMID: 16937744.
• Reider N. High-dose sublingual immunotherapy: too much of the good? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Aug;97(2):125. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60002-6. PMID: 16937740.
• Wilson DR, Torres LI, Durham SR. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD002893. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002893. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(12):CD002893. PMID: 12804442.
• Calderon MA, Penagos M, Sheikh A, Canonica GW, Durham S. Sublingual immunotherapy for treating allergic conjunctivitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD007685. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007685.pub2. PMID: 21735416.
• Đurić-Filipović I, Caminati M, Kostić G, Filipović Đ, Živković Z. Allergen specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. World J Pediatr. 2016 Aug;12(3):283-290. doi: 10.1007/s12519-016-0022-1. Epub 2016 Jun 29. PMID: 27351563.
• Richards JR, Stumpf JL. House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy for Pediatric Patients With Allergic Asthma. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;52(10):1019-1030. doi: 10.1177/1060028018769443. Epub 2018 Apr 11. PMID: 29642713.
• Lin SY, Azar A, Suarez-Cuervo C, Diette GB, Brigham E, Rice J, Ramanathan M Jr, Robinson KA. Role of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of asthma: An updated systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018 Sep;8(9):982-992. doi: 10.1002/alr.22152. Epub 2018 Jun 9. PMID: 29885036.
• Pajno GB, Peroni DG, Barberio G, Boner AL. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in asthma and eczema. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2003;82:77-88. doi: 10.1159/000071542. PMID: 12947994.
• Occasi F, De Castro G, Zicari AM, Indinnimeo L, Tancredi G, Duse M. Sublingual immunotherapy in children and its potential beneficial collateral effect on respiratory tract infections. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 May;31(5):939-41. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1027182. Epub 2015 Mar 31. PMID: 25753228.
• Leatherman BD, Owen S, Parker M, Chadwick S, Fornadley JA, Colson D, Fass P. Sublingual Immunotherapy: Past, present, paradigm for the future? A review of the literature. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Mar;136(3 Suppl):S1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.11.057. PMID: 17321336.
• Penagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F, Baena-Cagnani R, Huerta J, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Aug;97(2):141-8. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60004-X. PMID: 16937742.
• Pozzan M, Milani M. Efficacy of sublingual specific immunotherapy in patients with respiratory allergy to Alternaria alternata: a randomised, assessor-blinded, patient-reported outcome, controlled 3-year trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Dec;26(12):2801-6. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.532201. Epub 2010 Nov 4. PMID: 21050060.
• André C, Vatrinet C, Galvain S, Carat F, Sicard H. Safety of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy in children and adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2000 Mar;121(3):229-34. doi: 10.1159/000024322. PMID: 10729782.
• Aboshady OA, Elghanam KM. Sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: efficacy, safety, adherence and guidelines. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Dec;7(4):241-9. doi: 10.3342/ceo.2014.7.4.241. Epub 2014 Nov 14. PMID: 25436040; PMCID: PMC4240478.

Testing

• Bordignon V, Parmiani S. Differential diagnosis by the endpoint method in patients skin-reactive to more than one inhalant allergen. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002;12(4):272-8. PMID: 12926187.
• Bordignon V, Parmiani S. Reproducibility and use of low-concentration skin prick test. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000 Mar-Apr;10(2):78-82. PMID: 10879994.
• Bordignon V, Parmiani S. Variation in skin reactivity inhalant allergens estimated by the end-point technique. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2001;11(3):161-6. PMID: 11831447.
• Bordignon V, Parmiani S. Variation of the skin end-point in patients treated with sublingual specific immunotherapy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003;13(3):170-6. PMID: 14635466.
• Bellini F, Ricci G, Dondi A, Piccinno V, Angelini F, Pession A. End point prick test: could this new test be used to predict the outcome of oral food challenge in children with cow's milk allergy? Ital J Pediatr. 2011 Nov 4;37:52. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-37-52. PMID: 22053846; PMCID: PMC3220633.
• Tripodi S, Businco AD, Alessandri C, Panetta V, Restani P, Matricardi PM. Predicting the outcome of oral food challenges with hen's egg through skin test end-point titration. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Aug;39(8):1225-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03250.x. Epub 2009 Apr 17. PMID: 19400898.

Food SLIT

• Burks AW, Wood RA, Jones SM, Sicherer SH, Fleischer DM, Scurlock AM, Vickery BP, Liu AH, Henning AK, Lindblad R, Dawson P, Plaut M, Sampson HA; Consortium of Food Allergy Research. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: Long-term follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 May;135(5):1240-8.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1917. Epub 2015 Feb 3. PMID: 25656999; PMCID: PMC4527157.
• Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, Scurlock AM, Wood RA, Jones SM, Sicherer SH, Liu AH, Stablein D, Henning AK, Mayer L, Lindblad R, Plaut M, Sampson HA; Consortium of Food Allergy Research (CoFAR). Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Jan;131(1):119-27.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.011. PMID: 23265698; PMCID: PMC3550002.
• Narisety SD, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Keet CA, Gorelik M, Schroeder J, Hamilton RG, Wood RA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 May;135(5):1275-82.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.005. Epub 2014 Dec 18. PMID: 25528358; PMCID: PMC4430665.
• Narisety SD, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Keet CA, Gorelik M, Schroeder J, Hamilton RG, Wood RA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 May;135(5):1275-82.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.005. Epub 2014 Dec 18. PMID: 25528358; PMCID: PMC4430665.
• Baker MG, Wang J. Could This Be IT? Epicutaneous, Sublingual, and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Food Allergies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2019 Nov 25;19(11):53. doi: 10.1007/s11882-019-0885-z. PMID: 31768649.
• Waldron J, Kim EH. Sublingual and Patch Immunotherapy for Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2020 Feb;40(1):135-148. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.09.008. PMID: 31761114.

Food Cross Reactivities

• Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, Levy MB, Epstein-Rigbi N, Golobov K, Goldberg MR. NUT Co Reactivity - ACquiring Knowledge for Elimination Recommendations (NUT CRACKER) study. Allergy. 2018 Mar;73(3):593-601. doi: 10.1111/all.13353. Epub 2017 Dec 5. PMID: 29127694.
• Elizur A, Appel MY, Nachshon L, Levy MB, Epstein-Rigbi N, Pontoppidan B, Lidholm J, Goldberg MR. Walnut oral immunotherapy for desensitisation of walnut and additional tree nut allergies (Nut CRACKER): a single-centre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 May;3(5):312-321. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30029-X. Epub 2019 Mar 27. Erratum in: Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Jul;3(7):e10. PMID: 30926371.
• Randhawa I, Morphew T, Marsteller NL. Correlation of negative skin-prick test results for tree nuts and successful tree nut challenges among children with peanut allergy. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2018 Nov 1;39(6):456-460. doi: 10.2500/aap.2018.39.4174. PMID: 30401323.
• Couch C, Franxman T, Greenhawt M. Characteristics of tree nut challenges in tree nut allergic and tree nut sensitized individuals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 May;118(5):591-596.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Mar 27. PMID: 28359600; PMCID: PMC6085138.
• Chan ES, Greenhawt MJ, Fleischer DM, Caubet JC. Managing Cross-Reactivity in Those with Peanut Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Feb;7(2):381-386. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.11.012. Epub 2018 Nov 22. PMID: 30472327.
• Martínez San Ireneo M, Ibáñez MD, Fernández-Caldas E, Carnés J. In vitro and in vivo cross-reactivity studies of legume allergy in a Mediterranean population. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;147(3):222-30. doi: 10.1159/000142045. Epub 2008 Jul 2. PMID: 18594152.
• Kazatsky AM, Wood RA. Classification of Food Allergens and Cross-Reactivity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016 Mar;16(3):22. doi: 10.1007/s11882-016-0601-1. PMID: 26874850.